Chicken pox hepatitis virus

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Chickenpox Chickenpox consists of an itchy, red rash that breaks out on the face, scalp, chest, back and, to a lesser extent, arms and legs. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Chickenpox varicella. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed Jan. Varicella chickenpox. New York, N. Papadakis MA, et al. Viral and rickettsial infections. McGraw Hill; Chickenpox vaccination: What everyone should know.

Longo DL, et al. Varicella-zoster virus infections. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Chickenpox varicella. Merck Manual Professional Version. Stone K, et al. Herpes zoster shingles.

Mayo Clinic; Breakthrough varicella is usually mild. Patients typically are afebrile or have low fever and develop fewer than 50 skin lesions. They usually have a shorter illness compared to unvaccinated people who get varicella.

The rash is more likely to be predominantly maculopapular rather than vesicular. Since the clinical features of breakthrough varicella are often mild, it can be difficult to make a diagnosis on clinical presentation alone.

Laboratory testing is increasingly important for confirming varicella and appropriately managing the patients and their contacts. Breakthrough varicella occurs less frequently among those who have received two doses of vaccine compared with those who have received only one dose; disease may be even milder among two-dose vaccine recipients, although the information about this is limited.

Varicella is highly contagious. The virus can be spread from person to person by direct contact, inhalation of aerosols from vesicular fluid of skin lesions of acute varicella or zoster, and possibly through infected respiratory secretions that also may be aerosolized. A person with varicella is considered contagious beginning one to two days before rash onset until all the chickenpox lesions have crusted.

Vaccinated people may develop lesions that do not crust. These people are considered contagious until no new lesions have appeared for 24 hours. It takes from 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus for someone to develop varicella. People with breakthrough varicella are also contagious. However, people with breakthrough varicella with 50 or more lesions were just as contagious as unvaccinated people with the disease. Severe complications caused by the virus include cerebellar ataxia, encephalitis, viral pneumonia, and hemorrhagic conditions.

Other severe complications are due to bacterial infections and include:. Immunocompromised people who get varicella are at risk of developing visceral dissemination VZV infection of internal organs leading to pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. They can have an atypical varicella rash with more lesions, and they can be sick longer than immunocompetent people who get varicella.

New lesions may continue to develop for more than 7 days, may appear on the palms and soles, and may be hemorrhagic. Children with HIV infection tend to have atypical rash with new crops of lesions presenting for weeks or months.

The lesions may initially be typical maculopapular vesicular but can later develop into non-healing ulcers that become necrotic, crusted, and hyperkeratotic. The rate of complications may also be lower in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy or HIV-infected people with higher CD4 counts at the time of varicella infection.

Retinitis can occur among HIV-infected children and adolescents. As a result, varicella is relatively uncommon among HIV-infected adults. Children are routinely recommended to receive the first dose at age 12 through 15 months and the second dose at age 4 through 6 years. The second dose may be given at an earlier age if it is given at least 3 months after the first dose. People 13 years of age and older who have never had chickenpox or received chickenpox vaccine should get two doses, at least 28 days apart.

Chickenpox vaccination is especially important for:. To check if you are protected from chickenpox, see Assessing Immunity to Varicella. Some people with a weakened immune system who do not have immunity against chickenpox may be considered for vaccination after talking with their doctor, including people:.

For more information on vaccination of people with weakened immune systems, see Varicella Vaccination Recommendations for Specific Groups. You do not need to get the chickenpox vaccine if you have evidence of immunity against the disease.

People should check with their doctor about whether they should get chickenpox vaccine if they have immune conditions in first degree relatives parents, siblings that can be inherited called immunodeficiencies. Most children who have family members with immune system problems can safely get varicella vaccine, as long as they themselves have a healthy immune system. Generally speaking, anyone with a damaged immune system should not get live vaccines, such as chickenpox vaccine.

They come from illnesses such as cancer, or from medications such as chemotherapy drugs. But there are some rare immune conditions that can run in the family. Children with a family history of these conditions can get the chickenpox vaccine if they are found not to have the conditions themselves.